GMAT繁杂世界,关注一个就够了 导语“解释题,就是选出一个正确选项,该选项能够解释文章中给出的现象或者矛盾。解释题在逻辑题目中所占比例呈逐年递增趋势。这类考题主要考查我们解释某个现象、结果或者缓解某种矛盾的能力。 解释题的一般问法如下:1. Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above? 2. Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity? 3. Which of the following, if true, provides the most logical completion of the passage below? 4. If all of the statements above are correct, an explanation of their apparent contradiction is provided by… 正常情况下,只要大家对于标志词够敏感,就能很快识别出解释题。explain, reason, account for, provide a rationale for reconcile the discrepancy/paradox. 应对策略1确定题型阅读题干,根据问题及标志词确定题目为解释题型。2锁定解释对象迅速回到文章中,锁定“解释对象”,即对问题的解释。注意,对于这类题目,最先关注的不再是“逻辑链”,而是文章的“解释对象”。 3通过“解释对象”结合选项分析正确的答案往往包含了”解释对象“信息。 下面,我们将通过两个例题来详细说明如何处理解释题。 1、解释结论或现象 本类考题会给出一段关于某些事实或现象的客观描述,让我们从五个选项中选择一个选项来解释事实或现象发生的原因。解题的关键是:抓解释对象,定位选项,正确选项和解释对象里的信息会高度重合。 学以致用1The population of elephant seals, reduced by hunting to perhaps a few dozen animals early in this century, has soared under federal protection during the last few decades. However, because the species repopulated itself through extensive inbreeding, it now exhibits a genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled in other species of mammals, and thus it is in far greater danger of becoming extinct than are most other species.Given the information in the passage above, which of the following is most likely the reason that other species of mammals are less likely than elephant seals to become extinct?A. Other species of mammals have large populations, so the loss of a few members of the species is not significant.B. Other species of mammals have increased their knowledge of dangers though the experience of generation after generation of animals.C. In other species of mammals, hunters can readily distinguish between males and females or between young animals and adults.D. In other species of mammals, some members of the species are genetically better equipped to withstand a disease or event that destroys other members of the species.E. Other species of mammals have retained habits of caution and alertness because they have not been protected as endangered species.1阅读题干,确定题型阅读题干,根据关键字reason确定本题为解释题,而且题干中给出了要解释的对象:other species of mammals are less likely than elephant seals to become extinct(其它猛犸科物种比象海豹灭绝的可能性更低)。2梳理原文框架The population of elephant seals, reduced by hunting to perhaps a few dozen animals early in this century, has soared under federal protection during the last few decades. However, because the species repopulated itself through extensive inbreeding, it now exhibits a genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled in other species of mammals, and thusit is in far greater danger of becoming extinct than are most other species. 回到原文中去寻找将要被解释的现象,出现在最后一句:it is in far greater danger of becoming extinct than are most other species(它比其他物种受灭绝的威胁更大)。 而本题在询问该现象存在的原因。逻辑词thus很清楚地传递出了原因:it now exhibits a genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled in other species of mammals(它们所展现的基因单一性在其他物种上是不可比拟的)。 3定位选项中的关键词根据上述的信息可以直接去定位选项,注意,定位选项中的关键字在于genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled(不可比拟的基因单一性)。所以本题正确选项描述的应该是和基因相关的内容。 A选项AOther species of mammals have large populations, so the loss of a few members of the species is not significant. have large populations(数量多)这和文章中genetic方面的原因无关,错误。 B选项BOther species of mammals have increased their knowledge of dangers though the experience of generation after generation of animals. knowledge of dangers(对危险的知识)无关信息,错误。C2选项CIn other species of mammals, hunters can readily distinguish between males and females or between young animals and adults. hunters can readily distinguish(猎人分辨能力)与基因无关的信息,错误。D选项DIn other species of mammals, some members of the species are genetically better equipped to withstand a disease or event that destroys other members of the species. genetically better equipped(基因优势)本选项符合原文中的解释,正确。E选项EOther species of mammals have retained habits of caution and alertness because they have not been protected as endangered species. habits of caution and alertness(小心谨慎的习惯)和基因无关的信息,错误。 2、解释差异或缓解矛盾。(应注意解释后叙述的内容,这部分的内容将引入差异点或矛盾点) 本类题目在段落中描述了双方表面上的矛盾或差异,而本质上段落中比较双方的矛盾根本就不存在。表面上的矛盾,要么比较双方强调的是同一事物的两个方面,或者双方探讨的是截然不同的两个对象。因此在解决这类问题时,应着重抓住差异点、矛盾点、变化点,并结合矛盾或者差异双方的关键词去定位选项。 学以致用2For the United States meat industry, there is good news and bad news. The bad news is that over the last three years people in the United States have been eating less meat. The good news is that during this same time period meat producer’s profits have risen steadily. Which of the following, if true during the last three years, contributes most to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy above? A. People have been eating less meat because they are more health conscious than in the past. B. In the United States many new restaurants that specialize in vegetarian meals have opened. C. Competition from the growing fish industry has forced meat producers to sell meat at bargain prices in an attempt to attract more consumers. D. Countries that are unable to produce enough meat for their populations have become a new and lucrative market for United States meat producers. E. Meat producers have invested large amount of money on advertising in order to win back consumers who have decreased their meat consumption. 1确定题型阅读题干,根据关键词resolution of the apparent discrepancy 确定本题为解释题,而且属于解释题中的解释差异点。2锁定解释对象,差异点For the United States meat industry, there is good news and bad news. The bad news is that over the last three years people in the United States have been eating less meat. The good news is that during this same time period meat producer’s profits have risen steadily. 回到文章中找到差异点,差异点由The bad news和The good news引出:people in the United States have been eating less meat(美国人吃的肉变少了)& meat producer’s profits have risen steadily(肉食产业的利润稳定上升了)。 A选项APeople have been eating less meat because they are more health conscious than in the past. eating less meat because 只解释了人们为什么吃的肉变少了,并没有解释这个差异点存在的原因是什么。本选项错误。B选项BIn the United States many new restaurants that specialize in vegetarian meals have opened. restaurants that specialize in vegetarian meals have opened(很多素食餐馆开张)只是某种程度上解释了美国人吃肉变少,和A选项没有本质区别。并没有在解释差异点。 C选项CCompetition from the growing fish industry has forced meat producers to sell meat at bargain prices in an attempt to attract more consumers.sell meat at bargain prices(廉价卖肉)本选项弱到啥都解释不了,解释不了美国人为啥吃肉少,也解释不了肉食产业为啥利润上升。错误。D选项D Countries that are unable to produce enough meat for their populations have become a new and lucrative market for United States meat producers. a new and lucrative market(新的非常有利可图的市场)本选项很好地解释了为什么美国人自己吃肉少了,肉食产业利润还上升了,因为产生了其余的市场。该选项正确。E选项EMeat producers have invested large amount of money on advertising in order to win back consumers who have decreased their meat consumption. invested large amount of money on advertising (投入很多钱打广告)本选项依然改变不了这个矛盾点。本选项错误。 本篇小结通过这两个真题我们可以了解到,解释题的核心就是“解释对象”。 这类题常常会在原文中参杂许多无关和外围的信息,对你造成干扰。 对于解释现象和结论的题目,关键是找出现象或者结论出现的原因,这个原因往往被用来定位正确选项。 对于解释差异点和矛盾点的题目,一定找准差异点和矛盾点,根据差异点和矛盾点去定位选项,正确选项往往需要进一步的思考才能得出答案。 如果你认为我们在讲解中提供的例题数量太少,希望通过更多带有“思维标签”的例题巩固思维路径这套方法,欢迎去我创办的魔力学院看看,网址是www.molistudy,com,那里有足够你刷题的题库,最棒的是每一道题都被打上了思维标签,还有我们团队里的交互设计师为你打造一个了一个非常棒的在线学习界面。 霞姐GMAT是啥?“霞姐GMAT”是由魔力学院创始人,原新东方GMAT名师张海霞根据自己多年的教学和创业经验整理出的一系列GMAT干货作品。 “霞姐GMAT”是一本书,它虽不能被称为“GMAT”圣经,但它无微不至,试图让更多GMAT的备考者远离繁杂无章的各种学习资料,只用好一本书解决所有的GMAT问题。 “霞姐GMAT”也是一种方法,通往GMAT的成功道路有很多条,但我们希望这条我们倡导的“思维路径”是一条最快,最轻松的道路。 谁是霞姐?张海霞,江湖人称“霞姐”。 从北大学霸到新东方名师,从新东方名师到最美丽的创业者。自2010年起在新东方讲授GMAT语法等课程,强调通过系统的语法学习来全面提升英语的写作、阅读等综合能力。曾创造新东方史上前无古人后无来者的公开课78人全满分记录;三个月玩虐考研跨考,从北航考入北大,“看透”是快速“突破”的唯一出路。讲课气场强大、逻辑严谨,风趣幽默,自认为已摸透GMAC老头们的出题套路。曾有学员上完课后赞曰“你的课太强大了,我语法肯定可以全对”。