GMAT繁杂世界,关注一个就够了 导语“句子作用题就是我们常见的“boldface”题,江湖人戏称之为“黑脸题”。这种题目的形式很固定,加粗一句或两句话,判断句子角色。这类考题主要考查论点构建中的某一句话或者某两句话对结论或前提是否起作用,或者具体起什么作用。 句子作用题的一般问法如下:1. The statement in bold plays which of the following roles in the argument? 2. In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? 句子作用题非常容易识别,若你发现CR的题目在文章中有句子加粗,那这一题就一定是句子作用题。英文标志词: boldface , paly roles 应对策略1判定“黑体字”作用通读黑体字,寻找论据、论点和引导词,判断句子自身作用。 在下文我们将补充列举一些常见的逻辑词(表原因和表结论),这些逻辑词只是对你判断过程的一种辅助,你最需要把握的是,判定在逻辑链“原因(前提)”➡“结论”这个推理过程中,粗体句子到底是推理过程中的“原因(前提)”还是“结论”。 2找转折词,看“黑体字”态度在确定了粗体句子是“原因”还是“结论”之后,就需要判断粗体部分和文章整体论点的关系,判断的关键是“转折词”。 文章总体论点往往出现转折词之后,所以如果粗体部分在转折之前,一定是和文章论点方向相反的,或者说互相反对的;如果粗体部分在转折之后,那么和文章论点就是一致的。 下面是一些常见的论据引导词和论点引导词,帮助你判定黑体部分就是“因”还是“果”。 论据引导词since, because, due to, premise, evidence, must be true 论点引导词so, therefore, clearly, hence, obviously, conclusion, argument, opinion, position, claim, judgment, believe 我们直接通过下面两个真题来演练我以上所提到的“应对策略”。 学以致用1Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest’s deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly,black bears have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forest’s protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer-hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer. In the hunter’s argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles? A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain. E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.1判定“黑体字”作用找到黑体字部分及其周围的逻辑词。Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.根据逻辑词clearly即可确定这个粗体句子为“结论”。2找转折词,看“黑体字”态度通过转折词判断黑体字部分的“结论”和文章“主结论”的关系。 Yet为文章中的转折词,所以转折之后的内容是重点。对于这道题,黑体字的句子正好出现在了转折之后,因此黑体字即为本文的主结论A选项AIt is the main conclusion of the argument. the main conclusion 由以上推理可知,这句话确实是文章的主结论,本选项正确。B选项BIt is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument. 反对主结论,错误C选项CIt is a judgment that the argument opposes. 主结论反对的结论,错误D选项DIt is a finding that the argument seeks to explain. 主结论试图解释的内容,错误E选项EIt provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument. 支持主结论的论据,错误 学以致用2Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs. Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? A. The first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.B. The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.C. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.D. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.E. The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation.1判定“黑体字”作用1我们发现这道题有两个部分的“黑体字”,所以我们分开来看,第一段黑体字:becauseaging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. 黑体字出现在逻辑词because之后,所以是推理过程中的“原因”。2判定“黑体字”作用2Sincecreative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, 黑体字出现在逻辑词since之后,所以也是推理过程中的“原因”。3找转折词,看“黑体字”态度这篇文章虽然篇幅很长,但实际逻辑非常简单,你会发现全文只有一处出现了转折:However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond... 核心转折词为however 粗体句aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.出现在转折之前,明显和文章主结论方向相反;而粗体句creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field 出现在文章转折之后,与文章主结论方向一致。 结合以上所有我们得出的信息,基本可以判断:第一个粗体句是文章主结论所反对观点的论据(成立的原因/前提),第二个粗体句是与文章主结论方向一致的论据(成立的原因/前提)。A选项AThe first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.正,正,错误B选项BThe first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.反,反,错误C选项CThe first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.反,正,正确D选项DThe first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.反,反,错误E选项EThe first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation. 正,反,错误 本篇小结当你看完以上两个例题,特别是第二题后,你应该对句子作用类题目感到轻松。因为对于这类题目,你甚至不用深究文章具体的内容和细节,只需要通过逻辑词确定“因”和“果”,通过转折词确定态度的“正”和“反”,就能得出正确答案。 霞姐GMAT是啥?“霞姐GMAT”是由魔力学院创始人,原新东方GMAT名师张海霞根据自己多年的教学和创业经验整理出的一系列GMAT干货作品。 “霞姐GMAT”是一本书,它虽不能被称为“GMAT”圣经,但它无微不至,试图让更多GMAT的备考者远离繁杂无章的各种学习资料,只用好一本书解决所有的GMAT问题。 “霞姐GMAT”也是一种方法,通往GMAT的成功道路有很多条,但我们希望这条我们倡导的“思维路径”是一条最快,最轻松的道路。 谁是霞姐?“霞姐GMAT”是由魔力学院创始人,原新东方GMAT名师张海霞根据自己多年的教学和创业经验整理出的一系列GMAT干货作品。 “霞姐GMAT”是一本书,它虽不能被称为“GMAT”圣经,但它无微不至,试图让更多GMAT的备考者远离繁杂无章的各种学习资料,只用好一本书解决所有的GMAT问题。 “霞姐GMAT”也是一种方法,通往GMAT的成功道路有很多条,但我们希望这条我们倡导的“思维路径”是一条最快,最轻松的道路。