GMAT繁杂世界,关注一个就够了 导语“所谓填空题,就是要填补题目中的空缺,根据横线前的关键词判断欠缺的内容是什么。填空题常常以since、because或一些表示原因的逻辑词作为结尾,其本质属于“解释题”。 填空题的题干一般为:Which of the following best completes the passage below? 标志词文中出现下划线 “________”;complete the sentence 应对策略对于填空题,具体的应对策略我们不赘述,从逻辑层面上和之前的【逻辑-解释题篇】中所讲的一致。对于这类题,最重要的一个技巧就是:高度关注文章的结论。你要在横线上填入的就是得出这个结论的论据。 下面,我们通过两个真题来演练一下填空题的做法。 学以致用1Which of the following best completes the passage below? In a survey of job applicants, two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest. However, the survey may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest, because____. A. some dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be honestB. some generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be dishonestC. some people who claimed on the survey to be at least a little dishonest may be very dishonestD. some people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have been answering honestly.E. some people who are not job applicants are probably at least a little dishonest1确定题型,梳理原文框架由题干best completes the passage ➡ 本题为填空题 再回到原文:In a survey of job applicants, two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest. However,the survey may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest, because____. 在上篇里我们就提到,转折词之后才是重点(之前往往可以略掉)。所以,这段话的结论在However之后,为the survey may underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest, 2确定方向填空处所填内容应该支持上面结论的论据,所以要有高度的逻辑统一性。 A选项Asome dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be honest 不诚实的人讲自己是诚实的,这很有可能让调查人中的不诚实者比重被低估,本选项支持了原文结论,正确。B选项Bsome generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on the survey to be dishonest 诚实的人非得讲自己不诚实,这样应该是我们会高估不诚实人的比重,本选项削弱了原文的结论。错误。C选项Csome people who claimed on the survey to be at least a little dishonest may be very dishonest 不诚实的程度对于不诚实人的比重并没有影响,所以本选项无法解释或支持原文结论,错误。D选项Dsome people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have been answering honestly. 调查的时候说自己不诚实的人很有可能在真实的回答,这只能让不诚实人的统计更为精确。这个选项并不能支持原文结论,不诚实的人被低估了。本选项错误。E选项Esome people who are not job applicants are probably at least a little dishonest非工作应聘者并不是我们的讨论对象,所以本选项错误。原文讨论的人群是工作应聘者。 学以致用2Which of the following best completes the passage below? Established companies concentrate on defending what they already have. Consequently, they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others. The clearest example of this defensive strategy is the fact that___. A. ballpoint pens and soft-tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountain pens, clearing the way for the marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige itemsB. a highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failureC. a once-successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rulesD. one of the first models of modern accounting machines, designed for use in the banking industry, was purchased by a public library as well as by banksE. the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.1确定题型best completes the passage ➡ 填空题2梳理原文框架Established companies concentrate on defending what they already have.Consequently, they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others. The clearest example of this defensive strategy is the fact that___. 首先,原文句子之间没有转折关系,所以前后逻辑一致。 Consequently为表结果词汇,之后往往出现论点。该论点的内容是:they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others(它们自己不倾向于创新,同时还倾向于破坏别人创新的成果)。 由于该选项没有出现转折,所以前面平行的内容同样值得我们关注。 defending what they already have. 这进一步的解释了什么叫defensive strategy。 所以填入的内容应该为以上结论的论据。A选项Aballpoint pens and soft-tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountain pens, clearing the way for the marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige items 消灭传统属于创新,所以这与文章论点相违背,错误。B选项Ba highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failure 这是一个“推新”的论据,不是守旧,错误。 C选项Ca once-successful manufacturer of slide rulesreacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rules 一个曾经很成功的计算尺厂商面对创新性产品电子计算器,做法却是尝试做更好的计算尺,这是典型的defending what they already have,即守旧的例子。本选项可以支持原文结论,正确。D选项Done of the first models of modern accounting machines, designed for use in the banking industry, was purchased by a public library as well as by banks 产品到底被谁购买跟本题的结论没有任何关系,本题结论探讨的是企业不倾向于创新。E选项Ethe inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug. 这个选项是易错项,发明者不倾向于牙医使用和推广自己的产品,这是使用权的问题,并不是本文所谈的创新问题,本选项错误。 本篇结语看了上面两个真题后,你就会发现,填空题的本质就是“知道结论寻找原因”的过程。为了在划线处填上最合适的原因(或论据),你得对原文的结论有比较深入和高度的了解。 有人可能会觉得填空题是一种逆向推理,但霞姐看来,它的本质还是一种正向推理,相当于清楚的理解结论 ➡ 选出能佐证结论的例子。